A complete physical every year can be a big help. As a preventive measure, it can help discard possible physical conditions that are not recommended for cycling.
Pay attention to your family history and have your cardiovascular system checked by a professional. An electrocardiogram (at rest and in full motion) is an essential test.

You should have blood tests done, and your body structure as a whole should be checked: muscles, bones, tendons… After which you may want to make slight modifications to the bike, or look for certain kinds of accessories as opposed to others.

And when the doctor give you the thumbs up… you are ready to hit the road!